Which of the following is an example of fraternization?

Fraternization refers to inappropriate relationships or interactions between service members of different ranks or positions that can undermine the authority structure within the military and create perceptions of favoritism or bias.

In the scenario where an officer is dating his civilian secretary, this represents a clear case of fraternization due to the potential conflicts of interest and power dynamics at play, which can affect workplace professionalism and command integrity. The relationship blurs the lines of authority and could lead to perceived or actual favoritism.

Similarly, a junior enlisted member calling a senior by their first name can be considered a form of fraternization as it breaks down the professional boundaries and hierarchy established within the military. Such behavior can undermine respect and discipline within the ranks.

Therefore, both of these situations illustrate clear examples of fraternization, making the correct answer inclusive of both situations B and C. The first scenario involving an E5 dating an E4 does not exemplify fraternization in this context because both ranks may operate independently in certain situations, as long as they are not within the same chain of command, which is typically the main concern regarding such relationships.