What is primarily used in land navigation when navigating without a compass?

In land navigation, when a compass is not available, the use of landmarks is crucial for orientation and navigation. Landmarks are recognizable features of the terrain, such as distinctive mountains, buildings, or trees, which can be used to determine location and direction. By observing these features in relation to one's position, a person can navigate effectively even in the absence of a compass.

True North refers to the geographic North Pole, which is a fixed reference point used in navigation but does not directly provide guidance or aid in determining one's own location without a compass. Instead, it serves more as a theoretical point for compass readings.

In contrast, grid lines are part of map reading and can aid in understanding coordinates and positioning, but they cannot replace the functionality provided by identifying specific physical landmarks in the field.

Thus, using landmarks is the most practical and functional approach to navigate without a compass, allowing individuals to make informed decisions based on their surroundings.