How many different types of courts-martial exist in the military judicial system?

The military judicial system includes three distinct types of courts-martial: summary courts-martial, special courts-martial, and general courts-martial. Each type serves a specific purpose and has different procedures, jurisdiction, and levels of authority.

Summary courts-martial are designed to handle minor offenses and are typically less formal, allowing for swift resolution of cases involving enlisted personnel. Special courts-martial deal with more serious offenses but are still less formal than general courts-martial, which are reserved for the most serious offenses and can involve felony charges. General courts-martial have the authority to impose severe penalties, including confinement, dishonorable discharge, and even the death penalty in the most grave instances.

Understanding these three types and their respective functions is crucial for service members, as it informs them of their rights and the processes they may face within the military justice system. The distinction among the types ensures that cases are judged fairly and appropriately, aligning with the severity of the misconduct.